Willamette Valley Vineyards – WVVIP

The Altman Z-score is a formula that measures a company’s financial health and bankruptcy risk. It assigns a numerical score based on various financial ratios. The Z-score is divided into different zones. If the Z-score is above 2.99, it indicates a lower bankruptcy risk, classifying the company as ‘safe’ or ‘non-distressed’. If the score falls below 1.81, it suggests a higher risk, indicating potential financial distress or bankruptcy. The range between 1.81 and 2.99 is called the ‘gray zone’ or zone of ambiguity.

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Insider trading is when individuals employed by a company buy or sell its securities following legal procedures and regulations. Company executives, directors, and employees may be permitted to buy or sell shares if they follow specific rules, such as filing a Form 4 with the SEC within two business days.

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Income quality measures a company’s operating cash flow to net income ratio. It helps investors and analysts assess the sustainability of a company’s earnings. A high QIR indicates strong cash flows, while a low QIR may indicate non-operating activities driving net income.

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Current ratio measures a company’s ability to pay off short-term debt with its current assets (assets that a company expects to use up or convert to cash within a year). It represents the $ amount of current assets a company has for every $1 of short-term debt. A high current ratio above 1.0 indicates that a company can meet its short-term obligations, while a low current ratio below 1.0 suggests difficulty.

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PE ratio (price-to-earnings), measures a company’s stock price relative to its earnings per share. It helps investors evaluate whether its stock is overvalued or undervalued. A higher PE ratio indicates that investors are willing to pay more for a company’s earnings, while a lower PE ratio (above zero) suggests the company could be undervalued.

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The PB ratio (price-to-book), measures a company’s stock price relative to its book value (net value of a company’s assets reported on its balance sheet, after subtracting debt) per share. It is used to evaluate a company’s valuation, with a lower PB ratio (above zero) indicating a lower valuation and a higher PB ratio suggesting overvaluation.

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ROE (Return on Equity), is a financial ratio that measures a company’s profitability relative to its shareholders’ equity (the amount of value in a company that belongs to the people who own shares). It indicates how efficiently a company generates profits per unit of equity invested. A high ROE suggests effective use of equity, while a low ROE indicates inefficiency.

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ROCE (Return on Capital Employed), is a financial ratio that measures a company’s profitability relative to the amount of capital invested in its operations. It indicates how well a company is generating profits from its capital investments. A high ROCE suggests effective use of capital, while a low ROCE indicates inefficiency.

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